scale

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English Vietnamese dictionary

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Advanced English dictionary

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noun, verb
+ noun
size
1 [sing., U] ~ (of sth) the size or extent of sth, especially when compared with sth else: They entertain on a large scale (= they hold expensive parties with a lot of guests). + Here was corruption on a grand scale. + On a global scale, 77% of energy is created from fossil fuels. + to achieve economies of scale in production (= to produce many items so the cost of producing each one is reduced) + It was impossible to comprehend the full scale of the disaster. + It was not until morning that the sheer scale of the damage could be seen (= how great it was).
See also - FULL-SCALE, LARGE-SCALE, SMALL-SCALE
range of levels
2 [C] a range of levels or numbers used for measuring sth: a five-point pay scale + to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10 + The salary scale goes from £12 000 to £20 000. + a scale of fees / charges
See also - RICHTER SCALE, SLIDING SCALE, TIMESCALE
3 [C, usually sing.] the set of all the different levels of sth, from the lowest to the highest: At the other end of the scale, life is a constant struggle to get enough to eat. + the social scale
marks for measuring
4 [C] a series of marks at regular intervals on an instrument that is used for measuring: How much does it read on the scale?
weighing instrument
5 (scales) [pl.] (AmE also scale) an instrument for weighing people or things: bathroom / kitchen / weighing scales + (figurative) the scales of justice (= represented as the two pans on a BALANCE (5))
of map / diagram / model
6 [C] the relation between the actual size of sth and its size on a map, diagram or model that represents it: a scale of 1:
25 000 + a scale model / drawing + Both plans are drawn to the same scale. + Is this diagram to scale (= are all its parts the same size and shape in relation to each other as they are in the thing represented)?
in music
7 [C] a series of musical notes moving upwards or downwards, with fixed intervals between each note, especially a series of eight starting on a particular note: the scale of C major + to practise scales on the piano
Compare: KEY n. (4), OCTAVE
of fish / reptile
8 [C] any of the thin plates of hard material that cover the skin of many fish and reptiles: The beast was a dragon, with great purple and green scales.
in water pipes, etc.
9 (BrE also fur) [U] a hard greyish-white substance that is sometimes left inside water pipes and containers for heating water
See also - LIMESCALE
on teeth
10 [U] a hard substance that forms on teeth, especially when they are not cleaned regularly
Compare: PLAQUE
Idioms see TIP v.
+ verb [VN]
climb
1 (written) to climb to the top of sth very high and steep: the first woman to scale Mount Everest + (figurative) He has scaled the heights of his profession.
fish
2 to remove the small flat hard pieces of skin from a fish
teeth
3 to remove TARTAR from the teeth by SCRAPING: The dentist scaled and polished my teeth.
change size
4 (technical) to change the size of sth: Text can be scaled from 4 points to 108 points without any loss of quality.
Phrasal Verbs: scale sth<->down (AmE also scale sth<->back) to reduce the number, size or extent of sth: We are thinking of scaling down our training programmes next year. + The IMF has scaled back its growth forecasts for the next decade. + He was using scaled-down versions of his father's tools.
scale sth<->up to increase the size or number of sth

Thesaurus dictionary

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I n.

Often, scales. balance:

We need new bathroom scales: the old one gives too high a reading.

II n.

1 flake, imbrication; scurf, dandruff; Technical squama, plate, scute or scutum, lamina, lamella:

Scrape the scales off the fish with a sharp knife before gutting it

2 coating, encrustation or incrustation, crust, overlay, layer, cake, caking, tartar, plaque:

The hardness of the water causes the scale inside the kettle.

III n.

1 range, compass, rank, ranking, gradation, graduation, register, spectrum, calibration, progression, hierarchy, scope, gamut:

As we ascend in the scale of life we rise in the scale of longevity.

2 proportion, ratio:

The scale of these drawings is One Foot = One Centimetre.

v.

3 climb, ascend, mount, clamber up, surmount, go up, escalade:

Using grappling hooks and ropes, we scaled the wall in minutes.

4 regulate, adjust, proportion, Chiefly US and Canadian prorate:

The size of the cable is scaled to the weight it must carry.

5 scale up or down. increase, enlarge, raise; decrease, reduce, diminish, lower:

Depending on the expanse of the façade, the windows ought to be scaled up or down accordingly.

Collocation dictionary

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¹ size/extent

ADJ.

full

It was several days before the full scale of the accident became clear.

| big, considerable, grand, greater, huge, large, massive, monumental, vast | modest, small | sheer

It is difficult to comprehend the sheer scale of the suffering caused by the war.

| unprecedented

a misuse of presidential power on an unprecedented scale

| ambitious, lavish

Do they always entertain on such a lavish scale?

| global, international, national, regional, world | commercial

The dolls are now produced on a commercial scale.

| human

The city would operate on a more human scale if cars were banned from the centre.

VERB + SCALE

increase | reduce

PREP.

in ~

The paintings are small in scale.

| on a ~

pollution on a massive scale

PHRASES

an economy of scale

Economies of scale enable the larger companies to lower their prices.

| the scale of the problem

² range of values

ADJ.

fixed | sliding

Benefits are paid on a sliding scale according to family income.

| rating | time

Can you give me any sort of time scale for the completion of the building work?

| evolutionary | social | pay, salary, wage

The company has a five-point pay scale.

| Beaufort, Richter

The earthquake measured 6.4 on the Richter scale.

VERB + SCALE

go/move down/up, rise up

He has risen up the social scale from rather humble beginnings.

SCALE + VERB

go/range from … to …

a scale ranging from ‘utterly miserable’ to ‘deliriously happy’

PREP.

on a/the ~

Where do birds come on the evolutionary scale?

| ~ of … to …

On a scale of 1 to 10, he scores 7.

PHRASES

the bottom/end/top of the scale

After 10 years, she had worked her way to the top of the pay scale.

³ relation between actual size and size of a model, etc.

VERB + SCALE

draw sth to | have

SCALE + NOUN

drawing, model

He's made a scale model of the Eiffel Tower.

PREP.

to ~

The plan of the building is not drawn to scale.

| ~ of … to …

The map has a scale of one centimetre to the kilometre. a scale of 1: 25,000

⁴ in music

ADJ.

major, minor | chromatic, diatonic, diminished, pentatonic, whole-tone

VERB + SCALE

play, sing | practise

We could hear her practising her scales.

PREP.

~ of

the scale of C major

⁵ on a fish, etc.

ADJ.

overlapping | fine, thin | armoured | fish

VERB + SCALE

be covered in/with

Concise English dictionary

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scales|scaled|scalingskeɪl
noun
+an ordered reference standard
+relative magnitude
+the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it
+an indicator having a graduated sequence of marks
+a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin
+a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin
+(music) a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme (usually within an octave)
+a measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass
+a metal sheathing of uniform thickness (such as the shield attached to an artillery piece to protect the gunners)
+a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals
verb
+measure by or as if by a scale
+pattern, make, regulate, set, measure, or estimate according to some rate or standard
+take by attacking with scaling ladders
+reach the highest point of
+climb up by means of a ladder
+remove the scales from
+measure with or as if with scales
+size or measure according to a scale

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